1. Jikelele
Amaphayiphu walolu chungechunge asetshenziselwa ukuvala noma ukuvula amapayipi ohlelweni lwamapayipi ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo.
2. Incazelo Yomkhiqizo
2.1 Imfuneko Yezobuchwepheshe
2.1.1 Design and womkhiqizo: API600, API603, ASME B16.34, BS1414
2.1.2 Ubukhulu bokuphela kokuxhuma: ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, ASME B16.25
2.1.3 Ubuso nobuso noma ukuphela ekugcineni: ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa: I-API 598 、 API600
2.1.5 Osayizi bokuqanjwa: MPS2 ″ ~ 48 ″ , Izilinganiso zesigaba Sokuqokwa: Class150 ~ 2500
2.2 Amaphayiphu ochungechunge ayizandla (ezisebenza ngewheel yesandla noma ngebhokisi lamagiya) ama-valve esango aneziphetho ze-flange kanye nokuphela kwe-butt weld .Isiqu se-valve sihamba siqonde. Lapho ujikisa isondo lesandla ngokwewashi, isango liwela phansi ukuvala ipayipi; lapho ujika isondo lesandla esiphikisana nsewashi, isango liyasukuma livule ipayipi.
2.3 Okwesakhiwo bheka Umdwebo 1, 2and3.
2.4 Amagama nezinto zokwenziwa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko kubhalwe kuThebula 1.
(Ithebula 1)
Ingxenye Igama |
Izinto |
Umzimba nebhonethi |
I-ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 、 I-ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M I-ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M I-ASTM A494 CW-2M, iMonel |
Isango |
I-ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 、 I-ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M I-ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M I-ASTM A494 CW-2M, iMonel |
isihlalo |
I-ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF2, F11, F22 、 I-ASTM A182 F304 (304L) A ASTM A182 F316 16 316L) I-ASTM B462, ine-C-4, iMonel |
isiqu |
I-ASTM A182 F6a, ASTM A182 F304 (304L 、 I-ASTM A182 F316 (316L 、 、 ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 4 iMonel |
Ukupakisha |
I-Braved graphite ne-graphite eguquguqukayo, i-PTFE |
Stud / nut |
I-ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H, ASTM L320 L7 / A194 4 、 I-ASTM A193 B16 / A194 4, ASTM A193 B8 / A194 8 I-ASTM A193 B8M / A194 8M |
Ibhasikidi |
304 (316 Graph + Igrafu 、 304 (316) 、 Has.C-4 、 I-Monel 、 B462 |
Isihlalo sendandatho / iDiski / izindawo |
13Cr, 18Cr-8Ni, 18Cr-8Ni-Mo, NiCu ingxubevange, 25Cr-20Ni, STL |
3. Ukugcina, ukugcina, ukufaka nokusebenza
3.1 Ukugcinwa nokugcinwa
3.1.1 Amaphayiphu kufanele agcinwe egumbini elomile nelinomoya ongcono. Ukuphela kwendima kufanele kuxhunywe ngezembozo.
3.1.2 Amaphayiphu angaphansi kwesitoreji esinesikhathi eside kufanele ahlolwe futhi ahlanzwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanzwa kobuso bendawo yokuhlala ukuvimbela umonakalo, futhi izindawo eseziqediwe kufanele zifakwe irusi evimbela uwoyela.
3.1.3 Uma isikhathi sokugcina sidlula izinyanga eziyi-18, ama-valve kufanele ahlolwe futhi kwenziwe amarekhodi.
3.1.4 Amaphayiphu afakiwe kufanele ahlolwe futhi alungiswe njalo. Amaphuzu ayinhloko okulungisa afaka okulandelayo:
1) Ukubekwa ubuso
2) Valve isiqu futhi valve isiqu nut.
3) Ukupakisha.
4) Ungcolisa ebusweni bangaphakathi be-valve yomzimba ne-valve bonnet
3.2 Ukufaka
Ngaphambi kokufakwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukuhlonza i-valve (njengemodeli, i-DN, i-3.2.1PN nezinto ezibonakalayo) kumakwa ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lwamapayipi.
3.2.2 Ngaphambi kokufakwa, hlola ngokucophelela ukudlula kwe-valve nokuvala ubuso. Uma kukhona ukungcola, kuhlanzisise.
3.2.3 Ngaphambi kokufakwa, qiniseka ukuthi wonke amabhawodi aboshwe ngokuqinile.
3.2.4 Ngaphambi kokufakwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukupakisha kucindezelwe ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza kwesiqu se-valve akufanele kuphazamiseke.
3.2.5 Indawo yokufaka i-valve kufanele ikhuthaze ukuhlolwa nokusebenza kwayo. Isimo esincanyelwayo kufanele kube ukuthi ipayipi livundlile, isondo lesandla lingaphezulu, kanti isiqu se-valve siqondile.
3.2.6 Ku-valve ejwayelekile evaliwe, akufanelekile ukuyifaka endaweni lapho ingcindezi yokusebenza inkulu kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala kwesiqu se-valve.
3.2.7 Amaphayiphu ashiselwe amasokhethi okungenani ahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo lapho efakwa ukuze kufakwe uhlelo lwamapayipi esizeni:
1) Ukushisela kufanele kwenziwe ngumshiseli onesitifiketi se-welder sokufaneleka esivunyelwe yi-State Boiler and Pressure Vessel Authority; noma umshiseli othole isitifiketi seziqu ze-welder esichazwe ku-ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) Imingcele yenqubo ye-Welding kufanele ikhethwe njengoba kucacisiwe kumanuwali yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokushisela.
3) Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza ngomshini nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi yokugcwalisa yomswakama wokushisela kufanele kuhambisane nensimbi eyisisekelo.
3.2.8 I-valve ivame ukufakwa, ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngenxa yezinsimbi, izesekeli namapayipi kufanele kugwenywe.
3.2.9 Ngemuva kokufakwa, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kohlelo lwamapayipi, i-valve kufanele ivulwe ngokuphelele.
3.2.10 Indawo yokubeka: uma ipayipi linamandla anele okuthwala isisindo se-valve nokusebenza kwe-torque, lapho-ke akukho phuzu lokuthwala elidingekayo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-valve kufanele ibe nephuzu.
3.2.11 Ukuphakamisa: ungasebenzisi isondo lesandla ukuphakamisa nokuphakamisa i-valve.
3.3 Ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa
3.3.1 Ngesikhathi senkonzo, isango le-valve kufanele livulwe ngokuphelele noma livalwe ngokuphelele ukugwema ukulimala komphezulu wendandatho yesihlalo kanye nesango le-valve ngenxa yesivinini esiphakathi. Ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa umthamo wokugeleza.
3.3.2 Uma uvula noma uvale i-valve, sebenzisa amasondo wesandla esikhundleni sesigwedlo esisizayo noma usebenzise elinye ithuluzi.
3.3.3 Ekushiseni okusebenzayo, qiniseka ukuthi ingcindezi yesikhashana iba ngaphansi kunezikhathi eziyi-1.1 ukuthi ingcindezi yokusebenza yezilinganiso zokushisa kwengcindezi ku-ASME B16.34.
3.3.4 Izinsiza zokuphepha kufanele zifakwe epayipini ukuvimbela ingcindezi yokusebenza kwe-valve emazingeni okushisa okusebenza ukweqa ingcindezi enkulu evumelekile.
3.3.5 Ukuphulula nokwethusa i-valve akuvumelekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukufakwa nokusebenza kwesikhathi.
3.3.6 Ukubola koketshezi olungagxilile, isibonelo, ukubola kolunye uketshezi kungadala ukwanda kwevolumu futhi kuholele ekukhuphukeni kwengcindezi yokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze i-valve futhi kubangele ukugcwala, ngakho-ke, sebenzisa izinsimbi ezifanele zokulinganisa ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa izinto ezingadala ukubola oketshezi.
3.3.7 Uma uketshezi luyisigaxa, lokhu kuzothinta ukusebenza kwe-valve, sebenzisa amathuluzi afanele wokulinganisa ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ketshezi (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elifanele loketshezi) noma ukumiselela ngolunye uhlobo lwe-valve.
3.3.8 Koketshezi oluzicasulayo, sebenzisa izinsimbi ezifanele zokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ingcindezi esezindaweni ezisebenza kanye nokusebenza ayidluli lapho luzixhuma khona (ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga noma umlilo wangaphandle).
3.3.9 Uma kwenzeka kuketshezi oluyingozi, olufana nokuqhuma, okungaqhuma. Imikhiqizo enobuthi, ye-oxidation, akuvunyelwe ukufaka indawo yokupakisha ngaphansi kwengcindezi (yize i-valve inomsebenzi onjalo).
3.3.10 Qiniseka ukuthi uketshezi alungcolile, oluthinta ukusebenza kwe-valve, alinawo ama-solid solid, kungenjalo kufanele kusetshenziswe amathuluzi wokulinganisa afanele ukususa ukungcola nokuqina okuqinile, noma ukumiselele ngolunye uhlobo lwe-valve.
Ithempelesha yokusebenza evumelekile:
Izinto |
izinga lokushisa |
Izinto |
izinga lokushisa |
I-ASTM A216 WCB |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
I-ASTM A217 WC6 |
-29 ~ 538 ℃ |
I-ASTM A352 LCB |
-46 ~ 343 ℃ |
I-ASTM A217 WC9 |
–29 ~ 570 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CF3, CF3M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
I-ASTM I-A494 CW-2M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CF8, CF8M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
UMonel |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
I-ASTM A351 CN7M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
- |
3.3.12 Qiniseka ukuthi okokusebenza komzimba we-valve kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa endaweni evikela ukugqwala nokugqwala kwemvelo.
3.3.13 Ngesikhathi senkonzo, hlola ukusebenza kokufaka uphawu kwethebula elingezansi:
Iphuzu lokuhlola |
Ukuvuza |
Ukuxhuma phakathi komzimba we-valve nebhonethi |
UZero |
Ukupakisha uphawu |
UZero |
Isihlalo se-Valve |
Ngokwencazelo yobuchwepheshe |
3.3.14 Hlola njalo ukugqokwa kobuso bokuvala. Ukupakisha ukuguga nomonakalo. Lungisa noma ufake okunye ngesikhathi uma kutholakala ubufakazi.
3.3.15 Ngemuva kokulungiswa, hlanganisa futhi ulungise i-valve, ukusebenza kokuqina kokuhlolwa bese uqopha umlando.
3.3.16 Ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwangaphakathi yiminyaka emibili.
4. Izinkinga ezingaba khona, izimbangela nezinyathelo zokulungisa
Incazelo yenkinga |
Imbangela engenzeka |
Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
Ukuvuza lapho upakisha |
Ukupakisha okucindezelwe ngokwanele |
Qinisa kabusha inathi yokupakisha |
Ubuningi obunganele bokupakisha |
Faka ukupakisha okuningi |
|
Ukupakisha okonakele ngenxa yenkonzo yesikhathi eside noma ukuvikelwa okungafanele |
Miselela ukupakisha |
|
Ukuvuza ebusweni bokuhlala kwe-valve |
Ubuso bendawo yokuhlala engcolile |
Susa ukungcola |
Ubuso bokuhlala obugugile |
Yilungise noma ushintshe indandatho yesihlalo noma isango le-valve |
|
Ubuso bendawo yokuhlala obonakele ngenxa yokuqina okuqinile |
Susa okuqinile okuqinile kuketshezi, lungisa noma ubeke indandatho yesihlalo noma isango le-valve, noma ushintshe ngolunye uhlobo lwe-valve |
|
Ukuvuza ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwe-valve body ne-valve bonnet |
Amabhawodi awafakwanga kahle |
Bopha amabhande ngendlela efanayo |
Indawo yokuhlala eyonakele yomzimba we-valve kanye ne-valve bonnet flange |
Yilungise |
|
I-gasket elimele noma ephukile |
Faka esikhundleni se-gasket |
|
Ukuzungeza okunzima kwesondo lesandla noma isango le-valve akunakuvulwa noma kuvalwe |
Ukupakisha okuqiniswe kakhulu |
Khulula ngokufanele umuthi wokupakisha |
Ukusonteka noma ukugoba indlala yokuvala uphawu |
Lungisa indlala yokuvala uphawu |
|
I-valve yesiqu se-valve elimele |
Intambo elungile futhi ususe ukungcola |
|
Intambo ye-stem stem nut egugile noma ephukile |
Faka esikhundleni i-valve stem nut |
|
Isiqu se-valve esigobekile |
Miselela isiqu se-valve |
|
Indawo engcolile yokuqondisa yesango le-valve noma umzimba we-valve |
Susa ukungcola endaweni yomhlahlandlela |
Qaphela: Umuntu wesevisi kufanele abe nolwazi olufanele nesipiliyoni ngama-valve.
5. Iwaranti
Ngemuva kokuthi i-valve isetshenzisiwe, isikhathi sewaranti izinyanga eziyi-12, kepha asidluli izinyanga ezingama-24 ngemuva kosuku lokulethwa. Ngesikhathi sewaranti, umenzi uzohlinzeka ngensizakalo yokulungisa noma izingxenye ezisele mahhala ngomonakalo ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo, ubungcweti noma ukulimala uma umsebenzi usebenza kahle.
Isikhathi Iposi: Nov-10-2020